个体主体性的虚显:儒学现代化受限的根源

The Illusory Expression of Individual Subjectivity:Fundamental Restriction of the Modernization of Confucianism

根据学界的研究,明代中晚期以来的儒家新兴思想流派是逐步向现代性开放和转型的。但直到今天,儒学现代化的任务依然没有完成。通过对泰州学派、明清之际顾黄王三大儒的儒学、20世纪现代新儒学的深入考察,可以发现:在这些儒学理论中,作为现代性特质的个体主体性逐步由"确立"转向"模糊",进而转向"虚显"——欲显而未能显。这使得上述儒学理论的形而上学无法为形而下的现代性伦理、政治观念的开展提供充分的支持和充足的动力。这正是儒学现代化受限的根本原因。

According to studies,the new Confucian schools after the middle age of Ming dynasty gradually developed or accepted modernistic concepts. But up to now,the mission of the modernization of Confucianism has not been finished. By deeply researching the theories of Tanzhou school,Confucianism of Gu Yanwu,Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi who lived in Ming-Qing transitional period and modern New-Confucianism in 20th century,we can find that: in above Confucian theories,individual subjectivity which is treated as the essence of modernity gradually develops from'clearly establishment'to'vagueness'and to'illusory expression'——namely,wanting to show but actually does not. This leads to that the metaphysics of above Confucian theories can not provide enough supporting and motivation to the development of modern ethical and political concepts. This is the fundamental restriction of the modernization of Confucianism.