创伤与记忆:“慰安妇”的私密创伤与公共记忆重构

Trauma and Memory: The Private Trauma of “Comfort Women”and Public Memory Reconstruction

"二战"结束以来,中日两国围绕"慰安妇"历史问题形成截然不同的认知,不同认知的背后是双方对历史记忆重构的导向不同,形成对同一历史创伤记忆不同的取向性。在"慰安妇"私密创伤进入公共空间过程中,存在历史叙事侧重面不同的趋向,特别是日本在加害与受害双重心理下的创伤记忆形塑过程,成为中日解决历史遗留问题分歧严重的重要方面。在"慰安妇"问题政治共识难以达成的背景下,能否另辟蹊径,从民间交流、媒介传播、雕塑和纪念场馆等公共领域促成创伤记忆的固化,重构公共记忆。通过自下而上的记忆传递,促成日本在国家层面形成共识,进而形成东亚国家及地区关于"慰安妇"的公共记忆,这不失为推动东亚和解、和平的路径选择方向。

In 1991,Jin Xueshun,a Korean'comfort woman',first came forward to accuse the Japanese military of sexual violence during the world war II. Since the end of world war II,the two countries around the'comfort women'historical issues form different cognitive,different cognition is behind the different orientation for reconstruction of historical memory,form of the same historical orientation of different traumatic memories. In the process of'comfort women'private trauma into the public space,there were different trends in historical narrative,especially under the dual psychological harm and suffer traumatic memories of shaping process in Japan,it become an important aspect to solve the problems left over by history between China and Japan. Under the background of political consensus difficult to achieve in the 'comfort women'issue,we can try to different ways such as folk communication,media communication,sculpture and memorial sites and gyms and other public areas to make traumatic memories solidify,reconstruct the public memory. By passing on memory from the bottom-up way,contributing Japan at the national level to form a consensus,to form 'comfort women'public memory in east Asian countries and regions,this can be regarded as east Asia route choice direction of reconciliation and peace.