技术与统治的融合——论马尔库塞的技术统治论

The Integration of Technology and Domination:On Marcuse's Technocracy

马尔库塞认为,在后工业社会中,技术与统治成功地实现了融合,在此基础上,他提出了他的技术统治论。马尔库塞在吸收了韦伯的形式理性观、海德格尔的技术本质论、霍克海默和阿多诺的工具理性观的基础上,提出了自己的技术理性概念,这成了他的技术统治论的逻辑起点;从技术理性概念出发,马尔库塞指出技术不仅与统治的意识形态相关,而且技术已经成为新的控制形式,在政治、经济和文化等方面得到了广泛应用并造就了一个极权社会;马尔库塞在其晚期作品中一改技术统治论的悲观论调,试图在一个极权社会中寻找可以规避技术统治的出路,在吸收弗洛伊德精神分析学和古典美学理论成果的基础上,走向了马克思主义的审美之维。马尔库塞的技术统治论是他那个时代的理论产物,表达了他对技术及其应用的理论反思,他的技术统治论表现出来的悲观论调遭到各种批判,激发了人们思考摆脱技术统治的新的出路。

Marcuse believed that technology and domination have been successfully integrated in the post-industrial society and put forward his technocracy.On the basis of Weber’s formal rationality view,Heidegger’s technical essence view,Horkheimer’s and Adorno’s instrumental rationality view,Marcuse put forward his own technical rationality concept,which became the logical starting point of his technocracy.Starting from the concept of technical rationality,Marcuse pointed out that technology is not only related to the ideology of domination,but also has become a new form of control,which has been widely used in political,economic and cultural aspects and has created a totalitarian society.In his later works,Marcuse changed the pessimistic of technocracy and tried to find a way to avoid technocracy,he walked towards the aesthetic dimension of Marxism on the basis of Freud’s psychoanalysis and classical aesthetic theory.Marcuse’s technocracy was the theoretical product of his time,which expressed his theoretical reflection on technology and its application.the pessimism of his technocracy has been criticized by various critics,and inspired people to think about some new ways out of technocracy.