农村劳动力流动、务工收入与家庭贫困——基于东部欠发达县域878户农户的实证研究

Rural Labor Migration,Income of Migrant Workers and Family Poverty:Based on the Empirical Study of 878 Households in East Poor County

区别于已有研究偏向全国范围和欠发达地区的贫困,本文利用2016年江苏苏北地区贫困县878个农户的微观调查数据,运用Logit模型和多元线性回归模型研究了东部沿海地区欠发达县域劳动力流动的减贫效应以及劳动力外出务工收入的影响因素,并比较了贫困家庭与非贫困家庭劳动力外出务工的差异化特征。研究结果表明:劳动力流动同时降低了主观感受下的绝对贫困和相对贫困,但对缓解主观感受下的相对贫困更显著。劳动力受教育程度、性别、年龄、务工经历、所从事行业等不同特征导致劳动力外出务工收入呈现差异化特征,其中,外出务工者在40岁时月收入达到峰值,构成了其与年龄二者间'倒U型'曲线的拐点;从事交通运输、仓储及邮电通讯业和批发零售业等务工收入相对较高,而在建筑业和制造业相对较低。进一步研究发现贫困家庭与非贫困家庭在受教育程度和所从事行业等存在显著差异,构成了贫困家庭通过劳动力流动减贫的制约因素。东部沿海地区劳动力流动对贫困影响的差异化效应决定了其需要不同的政策安排。

Different from the existing researches on the poverty of nationwide and underdeveloped areas,the paper uses the model of Logit and multiple linear to research the effect on alleviating poverty of labor migration and the influence factors of migrant workers’income based on micro survey data of 878 farmers from poverty county of Jiangsu in 2016,at the same time,and compares the different characteristics of migrant workers between the poor and non poor households.The result shows that:(1)poverty promotes the labors of rural family to work away from hometown,countryside,it increases the household income and alleviates poverty.It reduces both absolute poverty and relative poverty under subjective perception,but it is more significant to alleviate the latter.(2)The important factors of labor income involve the level of education,gender,age,work experience etc.(3)The level of education and engaged industry that are different between poverty and non-poverty family restrict labor migration’s alleviation effect.