历史研究中“碎片”与“碎片化”问题再检讨

A Further Review of “Fragment” and “Fragmentation” in Historical Research

'碎片'研究是'碎片化'问题产生的必要但不充分条件,两者不能等同。'碎片'研究未尝不可,而将'碎片'与'整体'割裂开来、'见树不见林'的'碎片化'倾向则不可取。'碎片'之于历史研究不可或缺,故不去研究'碎片'就不会出现'碎片化'问题的假说难以成立。因之,化解'碎片化'问题的关键不在于要不要研究'碎片',而是要融入史学的思维,尽可能地选择具有'历史意义'的'碎片'去研究。至为关键的是,治史者在研究具有'历史意义'的'碎片'时,务必秉持与'总体史'会通的理路,如此方能切实克服为'碎片'而'碎片'的'碎片化'倾向。

The study of'Fragment'is the prerequisite for the phenomenon of the'fragmentation',while the'fragmentation'is not necessarily the inevitable result of the'Fragment'study.The two are a concept of both close and differentiated.The'Fragment'is indispensable to historical research,But not all'fragments'are worth studying.Therefore,the key to resolving the problem of'fragmentation'is not whether to study'Fragment',but to choose'meaningful''Fragment'to study.It is crucial that historians in possess of'fragment'along with'historical significance',should hold a'general history'viewpoint,so that they can effectively overcome the fragmented tendencies of'Fragmentation'.