当代道德教育的三重理性向度——兼论如何培育理性的道德人

Three Rational Dimensions of Contemporary Moral Education:Analyzing on How to Cultivate Rational Moral Man

理性是现代社会和现代教育的内核,培育人的理性精神是当代道德教育的重要使命。当代道德教育向生活世界、实践世界的回归,其核心是批判抽象化、概念化、认知化的理性教育,而并不是对理性本身的贬斥。为了更好地培育理性的道德人,当代道德教育需要重构理性以及理性的道德生活,使之摆脱抽象化、概念化及认知化的束缚。为此,道德教育应凸显理性的三重向度:其一,在本体论层面上,肯定人作为'公共存在'的本质属性,引导受教育者超越狭隘的私人理性,培育公共理性的意识与能力;其二,在方法论层面上,诉诸协商共识、平等对话的交往生活及教育方式,发展受教育者的协商意识、平等理念以及批判精神。其三,在实践论层面上,建构指向于'理性—行动'的实践理性的培育机制,重构道德理性与道德实践的内在统一性,更好地促进理性道德人的培育。

Rationality is the core of modern society and modern education.The important mission of contemporary moral education is to cultivate people’s rational spirit.The idea of return to the life world and practical world is the criticizing of moral education which pays too much attention to the abstraction,conceptualization,and cognition of rational education,rather than the derogation of rationality itself.In order to cultivate rational moral man,contemporary moral education needs to reconstruct reason and rational moral life to get rid of the restriction of abstraction,conceptualization and cognition.Therefore,contemporary moral education should highlight the triple dimensions of reason.Firstly,from the ontological dimension,affirm the essential attribute of human being as a'public existence',guide the educated to transcend the narrow private rationality,and cultivate the consciousness and ability of public reason.Secondly,from the perspective of methodology,moral education should develop people’s consultative consciousness,equality concept,and critical spirit based on the communicative life and rationality.Thirdly,on the level of practice,we should construct the cultivation mechanism which directed by'rational-action',and reconstruct the internal unity of moral rationality and moral practice,so as to better promote the cultivation of rational and moral people.