中国制造业企业出口模式选择研究:基于市场势力和生产率的视角

Research on the Export Modes Choices of Chinese Manufacturing Firms:in the Perspective of Market Power and Productivity

当前我国制造业企业面临着零出口、间接出口和直接出口的三元选择,而不仅是出口与不出口的二元选择。本文匹配中国工业企业和海关数据,识别制造业企业出口模式三元选择,并发现我国制造业企业在国内市场培育市场势力后,能提高利润水平,足以支付国际市场进入成本,出口模式从零出口转向间接出口,进而直接出口。该机理在产品完全差异化行业中更为明显。相对于零出口,低生产率企业更倾向于直接出口或间接出口,产生出口模式三元选择的生产率悖论。剔除加工贸易企业样本会部分削弱该悖论;仅考虑间接出口和直接出口企业时,该悖论消失,说明国内市场进入成本高于国际市场是产生该悖论的主因。企业市场势力增强也能削弱该悖论。本文还运用套索算法避免主观选择控制变量导致的估计偏误,证明结论稳健。

Chinese manufacturing firms face triple choices of zero export,indirect export and direct export,instead of export or not.This paper matches Chinese industrial enterprises and Custom data,and identifies the export triple choices of manufacturing firms,and finds after raising market power in domestic market and improving the profits,manufacturing firm is capable of paying the entry cost of international market,then its export mode would change from zero export to indirect export and next direct export,which is more significant in complete product differentiated industry.Compared with zero export,lower productivity firm is more inclined to direct export or indirect export,which is the productivity dilemma of triple choices of export modes.Excluding the processing trade firms could partially offset this dilemma,and if only including the indirect and direct export firms,this dilemma vanishes,which proves the higher entry cost of domestic market than that of international market is the main reason of this dilemma.Increasing of firm’s market power offsets this dilemma too.This paper also adopts LASSO algorithm in data mining to avoid the estimation bias of choosing control variables subjectively,which proves the robustness of results.