波特兰·韦斯特法尔地理批评的四个重要转向

Four Important Turns of Bertrand Westphal’s Geocriticism

法国学者波特兰·韦斯特法尔作为当代西方地理批评的开创者和代表性人物,其地理批评体系格外注重文学批评理论与地理实践的多样性。就方法论而言,他提出了'地理中心''多重聚焦''共感性''地层学视角'四个关键词,实现了文学批评从'作者中心'到'地理中心'、从'主体凝视'到'多重聚焦'、从'单一感官'到'共感性'、从'单一化空间再现'到'多维地层学视角'的四个重要转向,从而推进文学与地理学、哲学在时空领域内的整合研究,引导人们在批评实践中探索文学空间与人类空间的文化身份确定性与不确定性以及空间的多重身份与多重意义。

As a pioneer and representative of the contemporary Western geocriticism,Bertrand Westphal in his new system has overstepped the category of fictional works and the boundary of pure literature in the past,and emphasizes the theories of literary criticism and the diversities of real geography.Methodologically,he proposes four keywords:geocenter,multifocalization,polysensoriality and stratigraphic vision,which marks four important turns in literary criticism,i.e.from author center to geocenter,from subject gaze to multifocalization,from single sense to polysensoriality,and from single-form spatial presentation to multidimensional stratigraphic vision.These four turns promote the time-space integrated study of geography,philosophy and literature,and further provide guidance for certainty and uncertainty of the cultural identity in literary space and human space as well as multiple identities and meanings of space in literature criticism.