论“有为集体”与“经营村庄”——乡村振兴下的村治主体角色及其实践机制

On “Facilitating Village Collective” and “Operating Village”:The Role of Village Governance under Village Revitalization and Its Practical Mechanism

在乡村振兴背景下村集体如何发挥自己的作用、实现村庄发展是普遍面临的挑战。本文以W市M村的个案调查为例,分析乡村振兴背景下村集体角色及其实践机制。研究表明,在乡村振兴背景下,面对村庄衰落,村集体需要整合资本、土地等要素资源以促进村庄发展。"有为集体"与"经营村庄"是对村集体角色及其实践机制的概括。村集体通过"筑巢引凤"、进行土地流转、申请项目做基础设施建设、解决村民失地后的退养与劳动权诉求、做好村庄整体规划,"经营村庄"才得以实现。通过村集体的中介机制、利益交换与平衡机制、平等协商机制等三个机制,"经营村庄"最终能够有效运行。在乡村振兴中积极发挥基层组织的作用,"有为集体"大有可为。

Under the background of the rural revitalization,how the village governance subject exerts its own role and realizes the village development is the common challenge facing the village governance.Take the case survey of M Village in W City as an example,analyze the role of village governance in the context of rural rejuvenation and its practical mechanism.Research shows that in the context of rural revitalization,in the face of the decline of villages,the village governance subject needs to integrate resources such as capital and land to promote village development.'Facilitating Village collective'and 'Operating village'are generalizations of the main role of the village governance and its practical mechanism.The village governance subject achieved the 'Operating village' through 'building nests and attracting phoenixes',carrying out land transfer,applying for projects to build infrastructure,resolving the village’s retirement and labor rights after losing land,and doing a good job of overall village planning.Through the mediation mechanism of village governance,interest exchange and balance mechanism,and equal consultation mechanism,'Operating village' will eventually be able to operate effectively.In the revitalization of the countryside,we must actively play the role of grassroots organizations.