基于嵌入式单片机的仿形玉米播种机设计研究

Design and Research of Profiling Corn Planter Based on Embedded Single Chip Computer

国内外玉米播种机在排种、施肥的驱动方面多采用机械传动,在调整株距和施肥量方面为有级调速且精度较差。为此,设计了玉米播种机嵌入式单片机控制系统,可测定机组实际作业速度以控制株距和施肥量。控制系统由地轮与GPS的比较测速系统、主控单元、驱动单元、带反馈的播种与施肥电机等组成。其中,比较测速系统使播种株距更加均匀,驱动采用PWM信号及PID算法,电机跟随性良好;整体采用模块化设计,便于播种机单体的扩展。田间试验表明:播种的株距均匀度优于机械式播种机,设定株距为25cm时,株距合格率达100%,没有重播和漏播,最大偏差为7 cm,施肥量精度高于传统手工调节的方式,施肥偏差低于4%,有很大的推广价值。

Most popular corn seeder use mechanical transmission driver while it seeds or fertilizes. Machanical transimission can only perform step ratio speed regulation,which often lead to poor precission of row spacing and fertilizing amount. The corn seeder designed in this paper adopts embedded single-chip microcomputer control system to measure the actual working speed of the unit to control the spacing between the plants and the amount of fertilizer. The control system consists of the comparison between the ground wheel and the GPS,the main control unit,the drive unit,and the sowing and fertilization Motors with feedback and other components. compared with the speed measurement system to make the seed spacing more uniform,the use of PWM signal and PID algorithm drive,motor followability is good;the overall use of modular design,easy to expand the planter monomer. After the field test,the plant spacing uniformity is better than the mechanical seeder. When the plant spacing is 25 cm,the plant spacing pass rate reaches 100%,there is no rebroadcast and missed broadcast,the maximum deviation is 7 cm,and the accuracy of fertilizer application is higher than traditional manual adjustment. The method,the deviation of fertilization is less than 4%,has great promotion value.