马铃薯振动挖掘试验台的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Potato Vibration Digging Test-bed

为了寻求马铃薯收获机振动挖掘部件的结构参数与运动参数对挖掘阻力的影响,设计了一种马铃薯振动挖掘试验台。该试验台可灵活调节振动挖掘部件的入土角度、前进速度、振动频率及振动幅度等,来模拟马铃薯振动挖掘过程。介绍了该试验台的结构与工作原理,对振动挖掘关键部件进行了设计,并对影响振动挖掘阻力的主要因素开展了正交试验研究。试验结果表明:影响振动挖掘阻力的主次作用因素依次为振动幅度、振动频率、前进速度,较优参数组合方案为振动幅度15mm、振动频率12Hz、前进速度0.5m/s,此时平均牵引阻力为594N,较相同牵引速度下的平动阻力减小19%。本研究结果可为马铃薯振动挖掘部件的设计提供参考。

Potato is an excellent crop which is not only for food but also for feeding.Resent years,more and more people are beginning to enlarge the scale of potato planting,and the technology of potato harvesting is becoming more and more important.At present,there are two types of machines for harvesting potato,one is non-vibration harvester,and the other is vibration harvester.In order to search the effect of the vibration parameters on digging traction resistance,this paper proposed a potato vibration digging test-bed,which is mainly consisting of soil-bin,digger,lead screw delivery device,vibration digging device,retractable cam mechanism,computer communication system and so on.This digging test-bed was driven by a forward motor and a vibration motor,which moved the lead screw delivery device going forward and driven the digger harmonic vibrating via the retractable cam mechanism,respectively.In particular,the forward speed of the whole digging device can be adjusted by the forward motor,and the frequency can be adjusted by the vibration motor,and the amplitude can be adjusted by the retractable cam mechanism.This article introduced the test-bed’s mechanical structure,working principal,and the key structure of vibration device.Furthermore,the main factors influencing the traction resistance of vibration excavation were studied experimentally.Then the orthogonal experiment was done by different forward speed,different frequency and different amplitude.The results showed that,the sequence of the main factors effected traction resistance were amplitudes,vibration frequency,forward speed,in addition,the amplitudes and vibration frequency were significant to the traction resistance,while the forward speed was not.And the optimum combination of motion parameters was as followed:amplitudes of 15 mm,vibration frequency of 12 Hz,forward speed of 0.5 m/s.Under this condition,the average traction resistance was 594 N,decreasing by 19%compared with the non-vibration average traction resistance of 736 N,which was under 0.5 m/s translation of digging without amplitudes and vibration frequency.Thus the potato vibration digging test-bed can meet the performance requirements of potato harvesting,the results of this study can be applied to the design of potato vibrating harvester.