1SZL-420型智能深松整地联合作业机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Intelligent Control System of Spray Bar Sprayer

为避免整地机具多次进地作业造成土壤压实和动力浪费,针对大田深松整地作业的农艺要求,设计了一种具有深松深度检测功能的智能深松整地联合作业机。在虚拟建模和需求分析的基础上,完成整机和关键部件结构和参数的设计。采用元线设计法对深松铲柄的曲线进行优化,获得深松铲铲柄的外形曲线,设计了侧曲深松铲;优化旋耕刀的排列方式,降低旋耕刀辊的缠草程度;采用波纹齿辊式镇压机构,对表层土壤进行压实,最大程度地减少土壤失墒;建立深松深度监控模型和深松深度滤波算法,并通过试验分析了深松深度监控模型的准确性。大田试验表明:该机具能够实现土壤的全方位深松,深松深度25~50cm可调,作业时不打乱土层、不翻土;设计的旋耕装置能够细碎、疏松中上层土壤,形成有利于播种作业的土壤结构;整机作业速度为4.5km/h的作业速度时,深松深度测量误差最大为4.4%。该机具一次下地即可实现深松、旋耕、镇压及深松深度实时监测等功能,作业后地表平整,满足我国北方地区深松整地技术的要求。

In order to complete the operation of ploughing,fine-grained and repressed,different machines are needed,such as the rotary tiller,the loosen machine,etc.The more times the machine enters,the more serious of the soil compaction and power waste will be.Aiming at the agronomic requirements of subsoiling in the field,an intelligent deep loosening and land preparation combined machine with deep subsoiling depth detection function was designed.On the basis of 3 D modeling,the design of the key components and parameters of the whole machine was completed.According to the law of soil movement in the subsoiling process,the side slope deep shovel was designed with the characteristics of no turning soil.The shovel handle was designed with a cutting edge to reduce the contact area between the deep shovel and the soil,reducing the resistance and power consumption of subsoiling.The arrangement of rotary tillage knife was designed to reduce the degree of weeds entanglement of rotary tillage knife roller.The interaction between the ripple tooth on the surface of the repression mechanism and the soil could reduce the adhesion of the soil to the repression roll,improving the effect of repression and reducing the soil moisture loss.This system used the TMS320 F28335 as the core chip to design the deep release monitoring system.The system used six axis gyroscope to detect the deep dip angle of the machine tools in real time.According to the relationship between the tractor’s hanging arm and the position of the deep loosening shovel,a mathematical model of depth measurement was set up.By optimizing the subsoiling depth filtering algorithm,the real-time and accurate measurement of subsoiling depth was realized,and the accuracy of deep subsoiling depth monitoring model was analyzed by experiments.The field test shows that the equipment can realize the full azimuth of soil,and the depth of deep loosening can be adjusted in the range of 25~50 cm,and does not disturb the soil layer and not turn over the soil during the operation.The field test showed that the equipment could realize the full azimuth of the soil.The depth of the deep loosening could be adjusted in the range of 25~50 cm.Meanwhile,The soil structure formed by the rotary tillage device broken and loosen middle and upper soil was beneficial to the sowing work.When the working speed of the whole machine was 4.5 km/h,the maximum error of subsoiling depth measurement was 4.4%.After the machine works,the surface is leveled and the deep loosening monitoring system works stably and reliably,so as to meet the requirements of subsoiling technology in the northern part of China.When the whole ground operation completed,the sueface of soil was flat,and the system is stable and reliable.The performance of the whole machine meets the requirements of subsoiling technology in northern China.