智能果园植保机的设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Study of Intelligent Orchard Plant Protection Machine

针对我国现代果园生产中植保机械类型单一、喷雾效果较差造成农药有效利用率低等突出问题,研制了一种智能果园植保机。机具的行走装置、升降装置和喷药装置均由电控液压装置驱动,保证了泵、风机、传动及行走系统的有机结合,大幅提升了果园植保机的控制精度,且喷药量、喷药高度可实时调控,具有机动性强、灵活度高、操控简单、作业效率高等优点。田间试验结果表明:该机在针对苹果果园喷药作业过程中运行良好,作业幅宽为6.26 m,喷雾量为0.82 L/min,喷洒均匀性变异系数为6.24,智能化响应时间为1.9 s,生产效率为0.73 hm^2/h,作业质量符合农艺要求,机具结构设计合理,可为我国果园植保机械的研发提供理论参考和技术支持。

An intelligent orchard plant protection machine is developed in view of the outstanding problems existing in the production of modern orchard in China,such as the single type of plant protection machinery,the poor efficiency of spraying,and the low effective utilization rate of pesticides.The walking device,lifting device and spraying device of the machine are all driven by electronically controlled hydraulic device,which ensures the organic combination of pump,fan,transmission and walking system,greatly improves the control precision of the orchard plant protection machine,and the spraying quantity and spraying height can be adjusted and controlled in real time.The machine has the advantages of strong maneuverability,high flexibility,simple operation and high efficiency.Field test results show that the machine runs well in spraying operation for apple orchard,with a width of 6.26 m,a spray volume of 0.82 L/min,a sprinkling uniformity coefficient of 6.24,an intelligent response time of 1.9 s,and a production efficiency of 0.73 hm^2/h.The structure design of the machine is reasonable,which provides theoretical reference and technical support for the research and development of orchard plant protection machinery in China.