免耕播种机自适应拨茬系统设计与试验

Design and Test of Adaptive Row Cleaners System for No-tillage Planter

针对免耕播种机在秸秆覆盖地作业时,拨茬机构清秸率较低和工作幅宽稳定性较差,影响播种作业质量的问题,设计了一套可在全量秸秆覆盖地进行高效清秸作业的自适应拨茬系统。该系统在传统拨茬机构的基础上,增加了气压传动系统和压力传感器,利用压力传感器实时监测拨茬机构在地表起伏或秸秆覆盖不均时的对地压力变化,根据此变化调节气压传动系统给拨茬机构提供相应的下压力,从而确保拨茬机构工作幅宽的一致性。田间试验结果表明:在播种速度为6、7、8km/h时,自适应拨茬系统使拨茬机构的幅宽变异系数分别减小了7.0%、8.9%和9.7%,清秸率分别增大了12.0%、13.4%、14.8%,提高了普通拨茬机构的作业性能,满足播种作业农艺技术要求,可为播种单体清理出一条清洁且幅宽稳定的条带播种区域。

In order to solve the problem of low straw clearing rate and poor stability of stripe width of the row cleaners when no-tillage planter works on straw mulched farmland,which seriously affects the quality of sowing operation,an adaptive row cleaners system is designed.The system can effectively clean straw in full straw mulching fields.On the basis of the traditional row cleaners,a pneumatic transmission system and a pressure sensor were integrated in this design.And the pressure sensor is used to monitor the change of the ground pressure in real time when the row cleaners working on the undulating ground or uneven straw.According to this pressure change,the pneumatic transmission system is automatically adjusted to provide a corresponding down force for the row cleaners,so as to ensure the consistency of the working width of the row cleaners.The field comparison test results show that when the sowing speed was 6 km/h,7 km/h and 8 km/h,the width-variation coefficients of the adaptive row cleaners system were reduced by 7.0%,8.9%and 9.7%,respectively;and the straw clearing rates were increased by 12.0%,13.4%and 14.8%,respectively.The adaptive row cleaners system can effectively improve the performance of the common row cleaners and meet the agronomic design requirements,and can clean up a clean and width-stable strip planting area for the seeding monomer.