双变量排肥系统充肥性能分析与试验研究

Fertilizer Filling Performance Analysis and Experimental Study of Bivariate Fertilizer Drainage System

为实现玉米中耕精准变量施肥,针对自行研制的玉米智能化中耕变量施肥机,进行了双变量控制特性研究,并通过排肥理论分析确定了影响充肥性能的主要参数为排肥轮转速、排肥口开度、排肥轮倾角。利用设计的角度可调式排肥试验台,进行了排肥量的多参数试验,结果表明:排肥轮倾角影响排肥轮充肥性能,应选择排肥轮安装角接近肥料的自然休止角;在排肥轮倾角采用30°条件下,建立了排肥口大小、排肥轮转速与排肥量之间的关系模型;利用排肥口开度、排肥轮转速与排肥量之间的线性关系,确定了分段控制方式,排肥口开度采取分段固定值分别为32、39、46mm。分段控制实际排肥试验表明:实际排肥量的变异系数为0.493,实际施肥量与目标施肥量的相对误差为3.08%。

In order to realize precise variable rate fertilization in mid-tillage of maize,the bivariate control characteristics of the self-developed intelligent variable rate fertilizer machine for mid-tillage of maize were studied,and the main parameters affecting the fertilizer filling performance were determined through the theoretical analysis of fertilizer discharging,such as the rotational speed of fertilizer discharging wheel,the opening of fertilizer discharging port and the inclination angle of fertilizer discharging Using the designed angle-adjustable fertilizer-discharging test-bed,the multi-parameter experiment of fertilizer-discharging quantity was carried out.The results show that the tilt angle of the fertilizer-discharging wheel affects the fertilizer-filling performance of the fertilizer-discharging wheel,and the installation angle of the fertilizer-discharging wheel should be chosen to approach the natural angle of repose of fertilizer.Under the condition of the tilt angle of the fertilizer-discharging wheel being 30 degrees,the size In order to make use of the linear relationship between the opening of the fertilizer outlet,the rotational speed of the fertilizer wheel and the amount of fertilizer discharged,the sectional control mode was determined.The sectional fixed values of the opening of the fertilizer outlet were 32 mm,39 mm and 46 mm,respectively.The experiment of controlling the actual fertilization by stages showed that the coefficient of variation of the actual fertilization amount was 0.493,and the relative error between the actual fertilization amount and the target fertilization amount was 3.08%.