气吸滚筒式棉花精密排种器的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Cylinder Precision Seed-metering Device for Cotton

针对气吸滚筒式排种器能耗大、吸孔易堵塞等问题,采用气流清种、隔压板隔开气室减小负压气室空间及滚轮式清堵装置对吸孔进行清理等方式,设计了一种基于气流吸种的滚筒式精密排种器,对其工作原理与主要部件结构参数进行了介绍,并进行了相关台架试验。试验以滚筒转速、吸孔直径、负压大小为影响因子,进行正交试验,并通过极差分析与方差分析确定了影响排种性能的主次因素与最佳参数组合。试验验证表明:滚筒转速10 r/min、负压-4.5kPa、吸孔直径3.5mm时、合格率为93.2%,漏播率为2.1%,重播率为4.7%,排种性能最好,满足棉花精密播种的种植要求。

Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption and easy clogging of the suction cylinder type metering device.The airflow cleaning type is adopted,the pressure dividing plate separates the air chamber to reduce the space of the negative pressure air chamber,and the roller type clearing device cleans the suction hole.In this way,a drum type precision seed metering device based on airflow is designed,and its working principle and structural parameters of main components are introduced,and relevant bench experiment are carried out.In the experiment,the orthogonal test was carried out with the drum rotation speed,the suction hole diameter and the negative pressure as the influence factors.The primary and secondary factors affecting the seeding performance and the optimal parameter combination were determined by range analysis and variance analysis.The best working parameters were selected by experiment:the drum speed was 10 r/min,the negative pressure was-4.5 kPa,and the suction hole diameter was 3.5 mm.The pass rate was 93.2%,the drop rate was 2.1%,and the replay rate was 4.7%.The best seeding performance meets the planting requirements for precision seeding of cotton.