设施番茄产量品质及土壤有效养分的影响——基于不同节水灌溉方案

The Effects of Different Water-saving Irrigation Measures and Irrigation Amounts on the Greenhouse Tomato Yield and Quality and Soil Available Nutrient

为明晰不同节水灌溉措施和灌溉量对土壤-作物系统的影响,以设施番茄为植物材料,设计不同灌水模式(喷灌、滴灌和浇灌)及不同灌溉定额(140、180、220 m^3/hm^2),观测不同处理下番茄总产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、果实品质、土壤盐分及有效养分等指标。结果表明:相比浇灌处理,滴灌和喷灌增产效果明显,在相同灌水量条件下滴灌优于喷灌,滴灌处理番茄总产量达到118.3~138.7t/hm^2;相同灌水模式下,较低的灌水量有利于番茄可溶性固形物、总糖和Vc含量的增加。高灌水量有利于耕层土壤盐分的去除,不同灌水模式以滴灌效果最佳。此外,滴灌、喷灌等节水灌溉措施形成的土壤干湿交替的状态有利于肥料元素的矿化,可提高耕层土壤有效养分水平。

To clarify the influence of different water-saving irrigation measures and irrigation quantities on the soil-crop system,this study used tomato as plant material,designed different irrigation modes(sprinkler irrigation,drip irrigation and irrigation)and different irrigation quotas(140,180 and 220 m3/ha),and observed tomato yield,leaf area index(LAI),fruit quality and soil salt,available nutrients,etc under different treatments.The results showed that compared with irrigation treatment,drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation had obvious effects of yield increase,drip irrigation was superior to sprinkler irrigation under the same irrigation water amount,and the total yield of tomato treated with drip irrigation reached 118.3-138.7 t hm-2.Under the same irrigation mode,lower irrigation amount was beneficial to the increase of soluble solids,total sugar and Vc content in tomato.High irrigation amount was beneficial to the removal of soil salinity,and the effect of drip irrigation was the optimal among different irrigation modes.In addition,the alternation of dry and wet conditions of soil formed by water-saving irrigation measures such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation was beneficial to mineralization of fertilizer elements and improvement of the soil effective nutrient level in the cultivated layer.