根茎类药材收获机的设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Harvester for Rhizome Chinese Medicinal Herbs

针对现有根茎类药材收获机功能单一及根系脱土效果差等问题,设计了一种新型的根茎类药材收获机,可一次性完成药材挖掘、根土分离、茎秆分离及铺放作业。阐述了收获机的整机结构和工作原理,运用矢量投影定理、动能定理、运动学及ADAMS仿真等分析方法对关键部件进行结构设计及参数确定。以甘草的脱土率为试验指标,以行进速度、栅条板倾角和拨杆数量为因素进行田间试验。正交试验分析表明:当收获机行进速度为0.4m/s、栅条板倾角为8°、拨杆数量为6个时,收获机的工作性能较优,此时脱土率为99.8%,满足根茎类药材收获的技术要求。

In this study,a new type of harvester for rhizome chinese medicinal herbs was designed to solve the problem that prior harvester have a single function and bad performance at the separation of herbs and soil.It can finish the excavation of rhizome chinese medicinal herbs,the separation of herbs from soil and stem and the placement of herbs at a time.This article described the main structure and working principle of the machine.According to the theorem of vector projection,kinetic energy,kinematics and the simulation analysis based on ADAMS,the structure of key parts were designed and the parameters were determined.For detecting the performance of the harvester,a field experiment based on orthogonal test was carried out which regarded separation rate of herbs and soil as index and regarded the working speed of the machine,the tilt angle of grid strip plate and the number of lifting lever as factors.The results showed that when the working speed of the machine was 0.4 m/s,the tilt angle of grid strip plate was 8°,and the number of lifting lever was 6,the separation rate of herbs and soil was 99.8%.It is proved that the performance of the harvester meets the technical requirements for harvesting of rhizome chinese medicinal herbs.