清代木版年画遗珍——杨柳青《红楼梦》年画

Treasure of Woodcut Spring Festival Pictures Handed Down from the Qing Dynasty——Yangliuqing Spring Festival Pictures with A Dream in Red Mansions as Its Subject

中国传统木版年画起源于上古时代的原始宗教祭祀,它是民众心理层面的一种物化形态,是对自然的认识与心灵幻想相结合的产物,也是世俗社会与理想愿望纠结融合的写照。历代主流画论主导的以写意为特征的文人画,使部分技法精湛的工笔重彩、仕女娃娃及人物故事的画家向民间辐射,年画的创作队伍与艺术水平不断提高。年画是以传统工笔画为功底,吸取民俗画与文人画的养分,不停的碰撞与溶合,逐渐形成自己鲜明的艺术风格。年画在艺术上的成熟,是基于这种艺术形式的背后是一支强大的推手,从而形成"以描写和反映市井生活为主"的独特的艺术表现形式,明清时期尤为突出。杨柳青《红楼梦》题材年画孕育于清中期红楼梦文学作品兴起之时,成熟于清晚期繁华的都市生活氛围里。由于文学名著与民间年画的相互作用,拓展了年画艺术的表现领域,扩大了文学艺术的影响力,成就了一段民间美术的繁荣历史。

Traditional Chinese woodcut spring festival picture originates from primitive religious sacrifice in ancient times.It is a kind of materialized form of public psychology,a product of recognition of the nature and mental fantasy combined together,and also portraiture of secular society and idealistic hope intertwined.Literati painting of successive dynasties characterized by free hand lead by main-steam painting theory made the painters of painting with exact delineation and enriched colours,painting of beautiful women and children,and stories with excellent techniques go among the people,so the artistic level of painters of spring festival pictures elevated continuously.Spring festival pictures take traditional Gongbi painting as its basic technique,absorb advantages of folk painting and literati painting,with continuous collision and merging,and then form bit by bit its own bright art style.The maturity of spring festival pictures on art was based on a strong pushing hand behind this art form,and the unique artistic expression form 'mainly describing and reflecting secular life' came into being,and was outstanding especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The yangliuqing spring festival pictures with A Dream in Red Mansions as its subject emerged in the middle of Qing when the novel started to be popular,and became mature in the atmosphere of prosperous urban life in late Qing.Because of the mutual effect of the novel and folk spring festival pictures,the expression domain of the latter was expanded,and the influence of the literature art was enlarged,so come a prosperous history of folk art.