重金属对鲫鱼的急性毒性及安全浓度评价

SAFETY ASSESSMENT AND ACUTE TOXICITY OF HEAVY METALS TO CRUCIAN CARASSIUS AURATUS

采用静水法生物测试研究了铜、锌、镉和铬对丰产鲫 (CarassiusauratusofPenze(♀ )×Cyprinusacutidorsalis (♂ ) )幼鱼的急性毒性 ,结果表明 :铜对鲫鱼为剧毒物质 ,镉为中毒物质 ,锌和铬为低毒物质 .4种重金属毒性大小顺序依次为Cu >Cd >Zn >Cr.铜、锌、镉和铬对鲫鱼的 2 4、4 8、72、96h的LC50 分别为 0 2 3、0 14、0 11、0 0 9mg/L ,11 17、8 68、6 86、5 85mg/L ,390 30、311 80、2 77 70、2 4 4 10mg/L和 39 40、32 2 5、2 7 2 0、2 2 2 5mg/L ,其安全质量浓度分别为 0 0 0 9、0 5 9、2 4 41和 2 2 3mg/L .铜对鲫鱼的安全质量浓度略低于渔业水域水质标准 ,锌、镉和铬的安全质量浓度远远高于标准 .

The acute toxicity of copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium to crucian(Carassius auratus of Penze(♀)× Cyprinus acutidorsalis(♂)) was studied with the static test method. The results show that copper to crucian is a drastic toxicant, cadmium is median toxic, zinc and chromium are low toxic. The toxicity sequence of four heavy metals to crucian is Cu>Cd>Zn>Cr. The LC 50 of 24,48,72 and 96 h for copper to crucian are 0.23, 0.14,0.11 and 0.09 mg/L respectively. Those for zinc are 11.17,8.68,6.86 and 5.85 mg/L respectively. For cadmium and chromium those are 390.30,311.80,277.70, 244.10mg/L and 39.40,32.25,27.20, 22.25 mg/L respectively. The safe concentrations of these metals are 0.009,0.59,24.41 and 2.23 mg/L respectively. The safe concentration of copper to crucian is slightly lower than the Standard of Fishery Water Quality. The safe concentrations of zinc, cadmium and chromium to crucian are far higher than the standard.