核科学百年讲座 第一讲 历史性发现及其对人类社会的影响(Ⅰ)

Nuclear science in the 20th century——its historical discoveries and impact on the world (Ⅰ)

第一讲和第二讲系统地介绍了核科学发展历史 ,特别是核科学中的历史性发现和重大应用 .主要综述核科学的早期发展历史 ,总体介绍核科学中最基本的重大发现 ,如放射性、电子、质子、中子、原子核裂变和聚变的发现 .介绍人类认识原子和原子核的历史过程 ,包括与之相关的著名实验和理论 .通过介绍核科学的发展和应用 。

Nuclear science has been in existence for more than one hundred years, and has affected the world in many important aspects. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the history of nuclear science, including major discoveries such as the discovery of radioactivity, the electron, proton, neutron, nuclear fission and fusion. The structures of atoms and atomic nuclei are explained, with some historic experiments and theories. The immense impact of nuclear science on the natural sciences and the world is reviewed.