辽宁省河流水系及流域的遥感解译

Remote sensing interpretation of drainage system and catchments of Liaoning Province

水资源是人民生活、生产不可缺少的重要资源 ,随着人口增长和工业发展 ,水资源供需矛盾日益突出 ,水资源的合理开发利用是当前急需解决的问题 ,而河流水系分布及流域面积的准确计算是开发利用的基础。 1984年辽宁省曾进行第一次水资源普查工作 ,由于时间变迁和当时技术水平的限制 ,许多河流水系分布、流域面积等基础资料已不能准确反映当前状况。本研究利用美国地球资源卫星TM数字图像资料 ,选用ER -Mapper图像处理软件 ,对辽宁省河流水系及流域进行遥感解译。采用多比例尺、多波段、多时相的解译方法 ,同时还进行了直方图均衡化处理、滤波处理、线性变换等多种图像处理技术。采用波谱间关系法 ,建立了河流水系和流域遥感解译标志 ,同时采用主成分分析方法进行海岸线的遥感解译。计算了辽宁省主要河流长度及流域面积 ,与第一次水资源普查时的计算结果进行了对比分析 。

Water resource is necessary for life and production. The contradiction between needs and supplication becomes more seriously with the population increasing and industry developing.Reasonable exploit and using of water resource is the important issue at present. And precise calculation of drainage system and catchments distribution is the basis of the exploit and using. There had been the first investigation of water resource of Liaoning Province in 1984. But due to the time variation and the limitation of the investigation techniques, lot of investigation data of the drainage system and catchments distribution do not precisely fit the situation at present. In this paper, the TM digital images of Landsat were used to interpretation of drainage system and catchments distribution in Liaoning Province, by means of the ER mapper software. Data of multiple scales waves and seasons were used in the interpretation. The techniques of histogram equalization, filtering, linear transform were also employed. Interpretation marks of drainage system and catchments distribution are constructed according to the analysis of the relationship between bands. Principal component was used to interpretation of coastline. Length of rivers and the area of catchments were calculated and compared with the first investigation data. The reasons of the variation were analyzed.