农村劳动力外流背景下的家庭离散与老人自杀问题透视

Rural Family Separation and Elderly Suicide in Context of Labor Migration

劳动力大规模外流使得农村家庭结构的完整性受到极大冲击,许多离散型家庭出现。离散型家庭主要包括留守家庭、隔代家庭和空巢家庭。通过对豫东地区8个村庄自杀案例的实证分析发现,在这三种家庭类型中,老人自杀原因存在较大差异:留守家庭中老人自杀的主要原因是婆媳矛盾。在隔代家庭中,抚养孙辈的经济压力与对孙辈照顾的代际矛盾是老人自杀的主要原因。而在空巢家庭中,日常生活照料与精神慰藉的缺失是老人自杀的主要原因。因此,应根据离散家庭类型进行分类,针对不同类型群体制定不同的制度与政策,从而构建可操作性较强的农村老人关爱服务体系。

The mass exodus of labor impacts the integrity of the rural family structure,and many discrete families appear.The discrete families include left behind families,inter-generational families and empty-nest families.Based on the empirical analysis of suicides in eight villages in eastern Henan region,the study found that in the three types of families,there is a big difference in the causes of elderly suicide.The main reason of the elderly suicide in the left behind families are contradictions between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law.In the inter-generational families,the economic pressure in raising grandchildren and inter-generational conflicts generated in care of grandchildren are two main reasons.In the empty nest families,the absence of daily care and spiritual consolation is the main reason for suicides among the elderly.Therefore,we cannot commit the population of the rural elderly suicide as a whole,but should classify them according to the type of separated families.And we should also develop different institutions and policies based on different types of groups,in order to build a rural elderly care service system with strong operability.