信息化对集中连片特困区农户可持续生计的影响

Information Impact on Rural Households' Livelihoods and Policy in Contiguous Destitute Areas of China

基于可持续生计框架,利用来自陕西长武县巨家镇339个农户调查样本,首先通过建构农户生计资本的多指标综合评价指标体系,并利用信息熵法测算了指标体系权重系数及五种生计资本综合评价得分,发现集中连片区特困区农户生计现状整体较差,生计脆弱性高。其次通过构建考虑农户生计资本内生性特征的结构方程组模型,并利用三阶段最小二乘法回归分析发现,信息化对农户生计有着重要的影响。其中,家庭信息化能够显著推动物质资本、金融资本、社会资本的改善;农村社区信息化对自然资本、物质资本有显著的正向影响,对社会资本和人力资本则有显著的负向贡献。最后,提出通过同步推进家庭和村级社区两个层次的信息化,特别是提升农户现代信息技术设备应用能力,可以成为新阶段集中连片特困区实施信息化精准扶贫的重要切入点。

Based on Sustainable Livelihood Framework,this paper analyses the survey data of 339 rural households from Jujia Town,Changwu County.Firstly,it designs a multi-index system to evaluate rural household livelihoods and,by the method of entropy weights,finds that the natural capital,physical capital,finance capital,social capital and human capital of sample households are bad,and the livelihoods are vulnerable.Secondly,considering the endogeneity of livelihoods,the paper constructs a simultaneous equations model and,by 3SLS regression,finds that the impact of ICT on rural household livelihoods is significant and important.The family ICT can improve the physical capital,finance capital and social capital,and the village ICT also has positive effect on natural capital and physical capital,but negative impact on human capital.Therefore,the paper lastly points out that it is a key step of information targeted poverty-alleviation to the contiguous destitute areas of China that government pays attention to improve the ICT of rural household and village community concurrently,especially to train the application skill of ICT to rural households.