后脱贫攻坚时代农村社会救助反贫困的困境及政策调适

A Study on the Dilemma and Policy Adjustment of Rural Social Assistance's Anti-poverty in Post Poverty Alleviation Era

后脱贫攻坚时代,中国农村反贫困形势进入绝对贫困与相对贫困并存的新阶段,面临着新形势:"两无人口"数量巨大,兜底脱贫压力激增,相对贫困问题更加突出,已脱贫人口返贫风险大,农村贫困人口追求美好生活的愿望更加强烈。当前中国农村社会救助政策运行中也存在着一些突出问题,反贫困"造血"功能不足,救助标准过低,兜底脱贫作用有限,救助政策简单叠加,能力提升政策缺失,低收入群体争当"贫困户"。面对后脱贫攻坚时代农村反贫困的新形势,农村社会救助政策亟需强化兜底脱贫保障和政策衔接,更加关注相对贫困和多维贫困,规避救助依赖,建立贫困风险预警机制,注重贫困者长远发展。

China’s rural anti-poverty situation has entered a new stage in which absolute poverty and relative poverty have developed simultaneously in the post anti-poverty era,facing an increasing number of'two non-population',a sharp increase in pressure to eradicate poverty,and a more prominent problem of relative poverty.The risk of returning to poverty is great,and the poor people’desire of pursuing a better life in rural areas is stronger.At present,there are some outstanding problems in the operation of China’s rural social assistance policy.For example,the anti-poverty'hematopoiesis'function is insufficient,the aid standard is too low,the role of poverty relief is limited,the relief treatment is simple superposition,and the ability promotion policy is missing,and low-income groups strive to be'poor households'and so on.It needs to strengthen the protection of poverty eradication and integrate policy,and pay more attention to relative poverty and multi-dimensional poverty,and avoid assistance dependence,and establish a mechanism of early warning to poverty,and focus on the long-term development of the poor in the new situation of anti-poverty in rural areas in the post anti-poverty era.