精准扶贫中的精神脱贫——“八星励志”的耀州实践模式

Yaozhou Model of Spiritual Poverty Alleviation of Poor Villagers in Precision Poverty Alleviation——From the Perspective of Individual Behavior Theory

采用个体行为理论的分析视角,结合对陕西省铜川市耀州区的调研,对精准扶贫中贫困村民精神脱贫的耀州实践形式进行研究发现,耀州实践模式以"8个星目""励志脱贫光荣榜实施办法""爱心超市"为主要内容,并结合一些配套性措施,在提升扶贫干部工作有效性、重塑贫困村民脱贫主体性方面取得了良好实效。原因在于耀州实践模式从精神需求、外部刺激、个体人格和乡土心理环境4个方面强化了贫困村民的励志脱贫动机,增强了他们的自主脱贫行动力。但耀州实践模式在实践中也存在着民主权利缺失、互惠网络薄弱以及社会组织稀少的问题,对此需明晰多元主体的权责划分,设立互助合作小组并构建新型农村社会组织,以便增强贫困村民精神脱贫的内生发展动力。

From the perspective of individual behavior theory,combined with fieldwork in Yaozhou District,Tongchuan City,Shaanxi Province,through a study of the Yaozhou model in the context of precision poverty alleviation,it was found that through the'eight stars','measures to implement the list of encouraging people to lift themselves out of Poverty'and'the supermarket of Love'and related supporting measures,it improved the effectiveness of the work of poverty stricken cadres,enhanced the poor villagers’confidence and initiative to get out of poverty.The reason is that the Yaozhou model strengthens the poor villagers to get rid of poverty from the four factors which are spiritual demand,external stimulation,individual personality and local psychological environment,and then stimulates their independent action to get rid of poverty.However,there are still some problems in practice,such as the absence of democratic rights,the weakness of reciprocal networks and the scarcity of social organizations,which need to be improved by clarifying the division of powers and responsibilities of multiple subjects,establishing mutual assistance and cooperation groups,and constructing new rural social organizations,so as to help the poor to achieve spiritual poverty alleviation.