农业经营主体发展的多向性及其启示——基于世界农业发展历史的分析

The Multi-directionality of the Development of Agricultural Production Operator and Its Enlightenment——Analysis Based on the History of World Agricultural Development

主流理论认为农业经营主体发展的方向不是规模经营主体替代小农户,就是小农户完全排斥规模经营主体。这种单向论都是将在特定时空条件下得出的结论普世化的结果,缺乏扎实的经验支撑。世界农业发展的历史表明,农业经营主体发展的方向具有多向性,即小农户、中等规模经营主体和大规模经营主体将长期并存,并形成了大规模经营主体主导、中等规模经营主体主导和小农户主导三种农业经营结构。这对我国农业发展的启示意义在于,我国更可能形成占主导地位的小农户与中等规模经营主体和大规模经营主体长期并存发展的局面,三类农业经营主体的相互关系将构成我国农业发展的重要议题。

The mainstream theory holds that the direction of the development of agricultural production operators is that the replacement of small farmers by large-scale production operators,or that small farmers will completely exclude large-scale business entities.This one way theory is the result of universalization of conclusions that will be drawn under specific time and space conditions,and lacks solid empirical support.The history of world agricultural development shows that the direction of the development of agricultural business entities is multi-directional,that is,small farmers,medium-scale production operators and large-scale production operators will coexist for a long time.Three agricultural production structures led respectively by large-medium-and small-scale production operators have formed.The enlightenment of this conclusion to China’s agricultural development is that China is more likely to form a situation in which the dominant small farmers coexist with the medium-scale production operators and large-scale production operators.Therefore,the relationship between the three types of agricultural management entities will constitute an important issue in China’s agricultural development.