中国龙胆属(Gentiana L.)秦艽组(Sect.Aptera Kusnez.)的分类研究

Study on the Genus Gentians L.Section Aptera Kusnez.in China

龙胆属(Gentiana L.)秦艽组(Sect.Aptera Kusnez.)所属的种类大多数是治疗风湿性关节炎常用中药之一,除供国内广泛应用外,还有一定量的出口。此组在我国种类多,产量高,分布广,且有不少特有种。现在市场上商品秦艽和原植物的关系存在着一定的混乱现象,影响医疗效果。秦艽组在我国究竟有多少种,分布情况怎样,都不很清楚,为此作者对秦艽组进行了分类研究。

The present paper deals with chinese species of the genus Gentianat L.sect.Aptera Kusnez,from its morphological,taxomonical and photogeographical aspects.In this work,altogether morethan 500 specimens are examined.After this work we have found five species,which had beendescribed by some authors,would be reduced as synonyms,they are:Gentiana biflora Rgl.and G.pseudodeeumbens H.Sin.(=G.dahurica Fiseh.);G.dendrologi Marq.(=G.robustaKing);G.wutaiensis Marq.[=G.macrophylla Pall.var.fetisowi(Rgl.et Winkl.)Ma et K.C.Hsia]and G.officinalis H.Sin.(=G.macrophylla Pall.);on the other hand,two species wouldbe degraded as varieties they are:G.fetisowi Rgl.et Winkl.[=G.macrophylla Pall.var.fetisowi(Rgl.et Winkl.)Ma et K.C.Hsia and G.gracilipes Turrill[=G.dahurica Fiseh.var.gracilipes(Turrill)Ma et K.C.Hsia].In addition to the known species and varieties,a newspecies(G.Ihasaensis Hsiao et K.C.Hsia)and a new forma(G.waltonii Burkill f.nanaHsiao et K.C.Hsia)are recorded here.The present work consists of 14 species,they are:Gentians dahurica Fisch.,G.tenuicaulis Ling,G.tianschanica Rupr.,G.waltonii Burkill,G.Ihasaensis Hsiao et K.C.Hsia,G.decumbens L.f.,G.straminea Maxim.,G.macrophylla Pall.,G.siphonantha Maxim.ex Kusnez.,G.robusta King,G.walujewii Rgl.et Schmalh.,G.tibeticaKing.,G.crassieaulis Duthie ex Burkill,G.kaufmanniana Rgl.et Schmalh.The second part ofthe paper deals with the geographical distribution of the chinese species(PI.I).The distribu-tional center of this section may be situated on the western Szechuan and eastern Tibet.Gentianamacrophylla Pall.and G.dahurica Fisch.are two widely distributed and variable species,formerlyfor lack of specimens they had been classified into 7 confused small species.After examing morethan 200 specimens,we have suggested and discussed some new criterions of classification.