内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区部分区域的兽类物种多样性

Mammal Species Diversity in Inner Mongolia Daqingshan Mountain National Nature Reserve-Record Based on the Infrared Camera

内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区是蒙古高原中温型典型草原区和大青山以南暖温型草原的交汇处,动物区系属于古北界、中亚亚界、蒙新区、东部草原亚区,动植物种类丰富多样.为掌握大青山国家级保护区兽类物种多样性的本底资料,并为相关物种的保护提供基础资料,2018年7~11月对大青山国家级自然保护区内的包头市九峰山林场、呼和浩特市大青山林场、卓资县上高台林场进行了调查.结果显示:共获到野生兽类物种23种,隶属4目9科,占该地区兽类物种总数的69.7%.Ⅰ级重点保护动物1种,Ⅱ级重点保护动物4种.1种被评估为极危种,1种列为濒危种,3种被评估为易危种,2种列为近危种.兽类中相对丰富度居于前三位的分别为狍(RAI=82.4%)、中华斑羚(RAI=8.4%)、亚洲狗獾(RAI=8.3%).常拍种为狍(CR=10.36%),较常拍种为中华斑羚(CR=1.7%)、亚洲狗獾(CR=1.1%),偶拍种为豹猫(CR=0.4%)、赤狐(CR=0.7%).通过比较发现,九峰山林场各兽类种群密度最高,狍、草兔、花鼠为常见种,说明兽类多在生境复杂、高度空间异质性以及充足食物的栖息环境中有着较高的活动强度.

Inner Mongolia Daqinshan Mountain national nature reserve lies in intersection of typical steppe region of mid-temperature in Mongol Plateau and warm-temperature type south of Daqinshan Mountain.The fauna of the nature reserve is a kind of Eastern Grassland subregion of Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region,which belongs to Palaearctic realm and is rich in varied plant and animal species.To obtain the fundamental information about diversity of the mammal species in the reserve area and provide a basis of protecting measures for them,we carried out investigations in Jiufengshan Mountain Forest Farm in Baotou City,Daqinshan Mountain Forest Farm in Hohhot City and Shanggaotai Forest Farm in Zhuozi County from July to November,2008.A total of 23 wild mammal species,belonging to 4 orders and 9 families,were recorded,accounting for 69.7%of the total number of animal species in the region.Among the species,there were 1 species in first class(Ⅰ)and 4 species in second class(Ⅱ)of national protected animals.According endangered category of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,1 was evaluated as critically endangered,3 as vulnerable,2 as near threatened and 1 as endangered.The top three species of beasts in terms of the relative abundance were Capreolus pygargus(RAI=82.4%),Naemorhedus griseus(RAI=8.4%),Meles leucurus(RAI=8.3%).From the frequency of the animals being recorded,the most often appeared in camera was Capreolus pygargus(CR=10.36%),next to it were Naemorhedus griseus(CR=1.7%)and Meles leucurus(CR=1.1%),while Prionailurus bengalensis(CR=0.4%)and Vulpes vulpes(CR=0.7%)occasionally were recorded.Comparison found that Jiufengshan Mountain Forest Farm had the highest mammal animal population density,indicating that most of the animals liked to inhabit in more complex habitats with higher spatial heterogeneity,adequate food and diverse environments.During the survey period,we also found that Capreolus pygargus,Lepus tolai and Tamias sibiricus were the most common species,which appeared in most of the investigation sites.