颅脑损伤患者气管切开术后的护理

Airway Care After Tracheotomy for Patient with Brain Injury

目的:探讨如何科学有效地进行气管切开病人的呼吸道护理,从而控制或减少呼吸道感染,提高颅脑损伤病人的抢救成功率。方法:回顾性分析和总结53例重型颅脑外伤气管切开病人的护理方法。结果:采取有效的护理措施后,8例病人因颅脑损伤过重死亡外,45例(占84.9%)病人最终拔除气管套管,仅有4例发生肺部感染,占7.5%。结论:对重型颅脑损伤病人气管切开后,严格无菌观念和无菌技术操作、做好基础护理、采取有效的气道湿化、吸痰、防止肺部感染,防止消化道呕吐物返流入呼吸道等措施是减少并发症的发生,提高治愈率的关键。

Objective:To approach how to carry on the airway care scientificly and effectively after tracheotomy for patient with severe brain injury,in order to control or reduce respiratory infections and improve the survival rate of severe brain injury.Method:To analyze and aggregate the methods of airway care after tracheotomy for 53 patients with severe brain injury.Result:By taking effective measures of care,13 patients were died of severe brain injury.And the other 45 patients(84.9%) ultimately extubated casing,only 4 cases in these got respiratory infections,which accounting for 7.5 percent.Conclusion:After tracheotoming for patient with severe brain injury,the key to reduce the complications and improve the cure rate is to make aseptic concepts and aseptic techniques strictly,to do a good job in basic nursing,to take effective airway humidification and endotracheal suctioning to prevent lung infection,to prevent gastrointestinal vomit back into respiratory tract and so on.