贵州高原喀斯特环境退化过程土壤质量的生物学特性研究

Biological Characteristics of Soil Quality under Process of Karst Environment's Degradation in Guizhou Plateau

通过研究比较不同植被类型下土壤中微生物区系、土壤酶活性和土壤生化作用强度,分析了贵州高原喀斯特环境退化演变过程中土壤质量的生物学特性变化过程。结果表明:随喀斯特环境退化程度加剧,土壤微生物总数下降,各主要生理类群数量呈下降趋势,土壤酶活性减弱,土壤生化作用强度降低,对环境反应敏感,可作为反映土壤质量的生物学指标。土壤微生物和酶活性是表征喀斯特环境退化演替过程中土壤质量的重要特征之一。

The changes of biological characteristics of soil quality were studied comparatively by comparing soil microbes, soil enzyme activity and soil biochemical intensity in karst environment under different vegetation types in Guizhou Plateau. The results indicated that, with increase of degradation intensity, the total quantity of major soil microbes declined, the amount of major physiological group including ammonifiers, nitrogenfixing bacteria, cellulosedecomposing microbes, nitrogen fixing bacteria all decreased, the activity of soil enzyme weakened which include urease, sucrase, proteinase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase, soil biochemical activity impared which include ammonnification, nitrification, nitrogen fixation and decomposition of cellulose, and were sensitive to the changes of karst environments, and could be treated as microbial indicators of soil quality. As to the soil respiration, the release amounts of CO2 decrease. Therefore, soil microbes and soil enzyme activity were recommended as major characteristics of soil qulaity in karst environment succession. 