汉语、藏缅语、侗台语、苗瑶语复合式合成词比较

A Comparison between Compounds in Chinese, Tibeto Burman, Dong Tai and Miao Yao Languages

汉语绝大多数修饰式词是偏正型的。大多数藏缅语、侗台语、苗瑶语形容词性语素在中心语素后。汉语、藏缅语“名语素 +名语素”构成的修饰式复合词一般是修饰性语素在前 ,侗台语和苗瑶语部分语言名语素构成的修饰式复合词是修饰性语素在后。有的语言修饰式复合词有偏正型 ,也有正偏型的。支配式的复合词构词差异与这些语言主要语序有关。一般有补充式词的语言是有补语的语言 ,但有补语的语言不一定有补充式词。假设补语产生于补充式词前。

Most Chinese modifiers are placed before the words they modify, while in Tibeto Burman, Dong Tai and Miao Yao languages, they are placed after. The adjectival, nominal and verbal morphemes are placed in front of the head in Chinese compounds when they serve as an adjunct morpheme. However, the adjectival morpheme is placed after the head in most Tibet Burman, Dong Tai and Miao Yao languages. The N+N compounds are head +attribute in Tibeto Bruman languages and attribute +head in Dong Tai languages, but in the Li language, they are all head + attribute. Other languages are more complicated, with some compounds being head + attribute and others being attribute + head. The verb + objective compounds are found in Chinese, Dong Tai and Miao Yao languages, but in Tibeto Burman languages, the formation is usually objective + verb.