新中国粮票管理制度化的开端——以湖北为例

Beginning of Grain Coupon Management Institutionalization in New China:Taking Hubei Province as An Example

粮票的广泛使用始于1955年岁末,是城乡粮食计划供应步入管理制度化轨道的重要标志之一。按使用流通区域的不同,粮票大致可分为全国通用粮票和地方粮票,同时以全国通用粮票管理办法为蓝本,各省、自治区、直辖市粮食部门也制定了相应的地方粮票管理办法。在经历了1956年迅即展开的调整和改进工作后,粮票使用与管理的制度化安排基本已完成:粮票管理视同现金,收有凭证、付有单据、日清月结、票帐相符。制度化初始所呈现的管理控制之严格、执行之标准化和强制化,从湖北同时期的相关规章制度和票证册籍中可以得到实证。

The widespread use of food coupon began at the end of 1955,which was one of the important symbols of the institutionalization of planned urban and rural grain supply management.Food coupons could be roughly divided into national general grain coupons and local food coupons according to the area of circulation.At the same time,food departments of all provinces,autonomous regions and province-level municipality also formulated corresponding local grain coupon management measures,following the national general food coupon management practice.After the immediately launched adjustment and improvement work in 1956,the institutionalized arrangements for the use and management of food coupons had basically been completed:food coupons were managed as cash as they were received and paid based on evidence and settled daily and monthly with consistent account value.The standardized and compulsive management control for the initial institutionalization can be demonstrated from the relevant regulations and documents of Hubei Province in the same period.