2002年我国小麦条锈病发生回顾

Reviews of occurrence of wheat stripe rust disease in 2002 in China

20 0 2年小麦条锈病是继 195 0年、196 4年和 1990年后在全国范围内又一次大流行 ,其发生面积近 6 70万hm2 ,损失小麦约 10亿kg。发生区域涉及甘、陕、川、渝、云、贵、宁、鄂、豫、鲁、冀等 11个省 (市 )区。 2 0 0 1年冬季和2 0 0 2年春季气候适宜 ,以条中 32号小种为代表的毒性菌系的发展 ,使我国绝大部分主栽小麦品种不抗病 ,出现了条锈病发生早、发展快和发生重等特点 ,促成了 2 0 0 2年我国小麦条锈病的流行。尽管 2 0 0 2年条锈病发生范围广 ,但损失少于 1990年。提出了以品种抗病性利用及小麦抗病性变异和病菌群体动态监测、药剂和农业防治相结合 ,病害发生流行预测预报和条锈菌菌源基地治理为主的持续治理策略。

The epidemics of wheat stripe rust disease affected in areas of nearly 6.67 million hm 2 in 11 provinces, including Sichuan, Chongqing, Eastern Gansu, Southern and Western Shaanxi, Southern and Middle Ningxia, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Henan, Southern and Middle Hebei of China in 2002. As estimated, total wheat yield loss was about one million tons nationwide. The epidemic could be attributed to relatively warmer winter and early spring from November, 2001 to March, 2002, high frequencies of virulent races CYR31 and CYR32, and widely growing susceptible varieties across China. To control stripe rust disease, it was proposed to implement the integrated management strategy consisting of developing and growing cultivars with durable resistance, applying effective fungicides when necessary, using appropriate cultural practices, and management of 'hotspot ' regions of stripe rust in China.