我国有害赤潮的灾害分级与时空分布

Spatial and temporal distribution of harmful algae blooms andhazard grading in China

根据从文献获得的赤潮灾害基本信息的规范处理和分析,将我国的赤潮灾害划分为特大、重大、大型、中型和小型五个级别。结果表明,1933～2001年间我国赤潮灾害的发现次数为460次,赤潮灾害以小型为主,小于50km2的占40.2%。赤潮灾害的发生范围已遍及我国沿海各省,其中辽东湾、长江口和杭州湾外侧的嵊泗列岛和花鸟山附近海域以及珠江口东侧及粤东近岸为我国三大赤潮多发区。近20a来,赤潮灾害的发现次数呈现上升趋势,为波动式增长,波动周期为3a左右,高峰持续时间越来越长。每次赤潮的平均面积即赤潮的规模呈现越来越大的趋势,平均面积已上升到500km2左右。我国赤潮的高发期由南向北依次出现。南海的赤潮高发期为3～5月,东海的赤潮高发期为4～8月,渤海和黄海的赤潮高发期为5～9月。

Based on standardization of HAB events collected from reference etc., HAB triggered in the marine area of China are classified in 5 degree, the top grade, great, large, middle, small scale respectively. 460 red tide incidents were recorded from 1933 to 2001, which small scale with area less than 50 km2 was about 40.2%. The HAB were founded in the waters of almost every coastal province, where, the Liaodong Bay in the Bohai sea, marine area aroud Shengsi and Huaniaoshan Island near the Changjiang Estuary in the Eastern China Sea and the Guangdong eastern offshore in the South China Sea,it is the serious HAB area in China. Since 1982, the HAB were increased in the wave way about 3year period. The average areas were increased and up to the present 500km2. HAB occurs from March to May in the Southern China Sea, from April to August in the Eastern China Sea and from May to September in the Bohai and Huanghai sea each year respectively.