渤海海冰融水盆栽小麦试验研究——海冰融水对小麦生长发育和土壤盐分积累的影响

EFFECTS OF THE BOHAI SEA ICE MELT-WATER ON WHEAT GROWTH AND SOIL SALT ACCUMULATION

渤海湾海冰盐度一般在 3‰～ 8‰ ,将海冰融水勾兑成 3‰、5‰、7‰和 1‰ (CK)等 4种盐度进行小麦盆栽试验 ,结果表明 ,海冰融水对出苗期影响甚微 ,盐度达 5‰、7‰时仅推迟 1d～ 2d ;抽穗期随盐度的增加而推迟 ,A组 (津强 1号 )全程 3‰与对照相同 ,全程 5‰、7‰处理 ,分别推迟 4d和 6d。B组 (津硬 8号 )全程 3‰、5‰、7‰处理则分别比对照推迟 3d～ 5d,而A、B两组拔节前用 1‰ ,拔节后用 3‰或 5‰海冰融水组合灌溉分别比对照仅推迟 0～ 2d;生物学产量随盐度增加而减少 ,A组与对照相比全程 3‰增产 1 4 % ,全程 5‰、7‰处理分别减产 4 5 6%与 73 3 % ,而组合灌溉则分别增产 8 5 %与 9 7%。r=～ 0 84 90达显著水平 ,B组由于品种对盐度反应较敏感 ,r=～ 0 94 60达极显著水平。经海冰融水灌溉的盆栽土壤盐分由0 2 94 %增加到 0 90 7%。因此 ,如果灌溉方式适当 ,结合雨季排碱 。

The salinity of the Bohai sea ice is usually 3‰～8‰. In order to test it as a new water source for agriculture, melt-water of Bohai sea ice was made into the irrigate water whose salinity were 1‰(CK)、3‰、5‰、7‰, respectively, to irrigate pots wheat. The results showed that when using the 3‰ water at whole growth and development stage, or 1‰ at pre-jointing stage and 3‰、5‰ salt-water at post-jointing stage, the effect on wheat-seedling stage was not very significant, and the seedling was just postponed only 1 to 2 days when it's salinity were 5‰、7‰.The heading date of group A (jinqiang 1) with 3‰ at whole growth stage was equal to CK. However the date with 5‰, 7‰ salinity were 4 days and 6 days later than CK, thegroup B (jinying 8) were postponed 3 to 5 days, the date of A、B groups with combination salt-water irrigation was later only 0 to 2 days. With the salinity increased, the biological yield decreased and the negative correlation was existed in group A. The biological yield for group A increased by 1.4% when the salinity of irrigation water was 3‰. At whole wheat growth stage and -45 6%、-73 3% of biological yield were obtained respectively at 5‰, 7‰ salinity. However, 8 5%, 9 7% increases were got at the 5‰, 7‰ salinity in combination irrigation. The reaction for group B was extremely sensitive and negative correlation at significant difference was obtained. The pots soil salinity through sea ice melt-water irrigation increased from 0 294% into 0 907%. The authors assumed that the Bohai sea ice melt-water will be an new water resource for agriculture irrigation if using adaptabe irrigation, and combine with effective drainage-salt measures during raining season.