城市老年休闲绿地系统需求分析与建设对策

DEMAND-ANALYSIS AND SUGGESTION ON URBAN GREEN-LANDS FOR LEISURE ACTIVITIES OF THE AGED

我国城市已普遍进入老年型社会 ,城市老年休闲的需求问题十分突出。该文通过对城市老年休闲的一次性问卷访谈和全年跟踪调查两种方法 ,探讨城市老年休闲特征和群体分异机理 ,即 : ①城市老年休闲正从单位制向社区制转化 ; ②休闲质量亟待在活动内容和方式上提高 ; ③活动场地经常受到各种条件限制 ; ④活动设施受市场经济影响严重不足 ; ⑤群体休闲以自发、松散为主 ,不够普遍。同时揭示户外公共活动空间在当前老年休闲活动中的重要作用 ,包括为城市老年休闲提供场地、改善环境、降低费用 ,以及促成设施体系建设。最后提出充分利用城市绿地资源、建设城市老年休闲绿地系统的思想 ,即将社区老年休闲的组织管理与城市绿地系统的规划建设相结合 。

At the end of 2001, China's population structure has entered the aged-society. In urban areas, the aged population is relatively larger to the total population, which leads to a rise in the demand on the urban green-lands for the leisure activities of the aged. The author argues that there are two factors resulting in this phenomenon. Nowadays, China's family scale is becoming smaller. Young couples trend to set their own home, leaving their old parents alone. Meanwhile, as the reform of State-owned enterprises is deepening up, the organization and administration for the retired people is from their former working units to society, especially their living communities. However, the regular leisure facilities in the society fail to meet their needs, while there is so little supply in the leisure places and facilities specialized for them. This paper hopes to provide a complete study on their leisure need for green-lands and some suggestions to the problems. The author has designed a series of questionnaires on the leisure activities of the urban aged. According to the data outcome of these questionnaires, there are five conclusions on the leisure activities of the urban aged: 1) their leisure activities are under the transfer from the “former-unit-type” to the “community-type”; 2) the total quality of their leisure activities is not high in the contents and patterns; 3) the places for their leisure activities are limited; 4) the facilities specialized for their leisure activities are in short; 5) the leisure group-activities of the aged are mainly spontaneous and loose-organized. In order to meet the need for the leisure activities of the aged, the author emphasizes the important role of the urban green-lands in the leisure activities of the aged. The urban green-lands can supply the places, improve the environment, lower the costs and help to form the facilities-system for their leisure activities. At last, the author points out some problems existing in the construction of the urban green-lands for the aged, and gives some suggestion as follows: 1) good environment should be built to meet the need for the aged in community; 2) spatial units of community should be well-organized according to the leisure behave of the aged; 3) urban green-lands should be easy accessible for the aged; 4) urban barrier-free green-lands system should be established.