典型长距离调水工程冬季冰凌危害调查及分析

Investigation and analysis of ice hazard in operation of typical long distance water transfer project in winter

以某长距离调水工程为研究对象,基于原形观测资料分析渠道冬季冰情发展规律和存在的冰凌问题。介绍了渠道和建筑物布置特点、不同冬季气象特点和冬季输水运行方式,分析了流冰期、封冻期、开河期的冰情现象,不同年份和空间上的冰情分布特征,总结了长距离输水渠道冰情生消演变的基本规律。基于典型冬季渠道出现的特殊冰凌灾害,列举了冰塞、泵站前池水位下降、分水口流量降低、仪器设备读数失真、渠道衬砌冻胀等冰凌影响事件,分析了气象条件、水力条件和工程布置特点对冰凌危害出现的影响。从调度、工程措施出发,在不同冰期阶段,针对不同渠道和建筑物位置,提出集防、拦、扰、捞、排一体化的冰凌防护措施,为长距离输水工程冬季冰期安全高效运行提供技术保障。

This paper takes a long-distance water diversion project as the research object,and analyzes the ice development law and ice hazard of the channel in winter based on prototype observation data.This paper introduces the layout features of the channel and other constructions,the meteorological characteristics in winter,and the water conveyance mode in winter.It analyzes the ice phenomena in the ice drift period,freezing period,and thawing period,and the ice distribution characteristics in different years and areas.It summarizes the basic rules of ice formation and melting in the long-distance water conveyance channel.Based on the special ice hazards in typical channels in winter,this paper lists such events as ice jam,water level decrease at forebay of pumping station,flow rate decrease at diversions,distortion of instrument readings,and canal lining frost heaving.It analyzes the influence of meteorological conditions,water conditions,and projects layout characteristics on the formation of ice hazards.From the perspectives of scheduling and engineering measures,this paper puts forwards a set of protective measures covering prevention,blocking,interference,fishing,and drainage according to different channels and positions of the constructions in different ice periods.It can provide technical support for the safe and efficient operation of long-distance water diversion projects in winter.