美国大都市特定区域“棕色地带”的治理及启示

Administration of Brownfields in US Metropolis and Its Enlightenment

二战以后,美国成为一个大都市化国家,大型大都市区优先增长。随着城市的快速发展,美国经济结构发生了巨大变化,人们开始关注生活质量的提高,对环境保护也提出了更高的要求。原先在城市中的工业区逐步搬出城市或转移到郊区甚至更偏僻的地区,许多城市留下了大片旧工业废地,在美国称之为"棕地"。棕地是美国20世纪以来工业发展遗留给城市的特殊"遗产"。美国各级政府、开发商和非营利机构对其进行长期治理,积累了丰富的经验,不仅满足了城市转型发展的用地需求,也改善了城市的面貌。由于改造者在棕地的治理和再开发中承担的任务不同,也就决定了不同的制度安排。

After the Second World War, US became a highly metropolitan nation and gave priorities to the develop-ment of metropolises. Along with the fast development of cities, the economic structure was changed remarkably, and citi-zens began to focus on the improvement of living quality and environment protection. Industrial areas in cities were trans-ferred to suburbs or even remote regions, leaving lots of vacancies in the cities called brownfields which has been regard-ed as the legacy of industrial development. Governments at all levels, developers and non-profit organizations in the US have accumulated experience in the long-term governance of brownfields, and have managed to meet the demand of urban transformation.