马克思主义“生产力”概念中国化考论

On the Sinicization of Marxist Concept of “Productive Forces”

自起源于汉语的"生产"被日本借用,赋予其经济含义,用来表示"财富的创造",以"生产"为第一词素的系列派生词逐步出现,其中最重要的是"生产力"概念。"生产力"概念经由古典政治经济学,发展到马克思那里,成为一个表示经济基础的经济哲学概念,揭示人类社会发展动力的历史唯物主义概念。马克思的"生产力"概念传入中国,经历了从非马克思主义到马克思主义的转变,在译词形式上表现为由"生产力"和"生产诸力"同时对译英文productive forces,德文Produktivekraft,最后确定"生产力"为统一定译词。这一定译词超越了"生产诸力"等译法,体现了马克思主义的"生产力"概念不仅是一个经济哲学概念,同时也是一个历史唯物主义概念。这一过程就是马克思productive forces/Produktivekraft概念中国化的过程。

Since the Chinese 'production' was borrowed by Japan, and used to express the 'creation of wealth'by giving its economic meaning, a series of derivative words with 'production' as the first morpheme graduallyappeared, among which the most important one was the concept of 'productive forces'. The concept of'productive forces' developed to Marx through classical political economics, and became an economic philosophyconcept representing the economic basis and a historical materialist concept revealing the development impetus ofhuman society. Marx’s concept of 'productive forces' was introduced into China and experienced atransformation from non-Marxism to Marxism. The words 'productivity' and 'productive forces' weretranslated from English 'productive forces' and German 'produktivekraft', and finally 'productive forces'was defined as a unified translation. This version transcends the translation of 'productive forces' and othertranslation methods, and reflects that Marxist concept of 'productive forces' is not only an economic philosophyconcept, but also a concept of historical materialism. This process is the one in which Marx’s productiveforces/produktivekraft’s concept has been sinicized.