旅游活动对沙湖水环境质量影响评价

Effect of tourism activities on Sand Lake water quality

为探明旅游活动对沙湖水质的影响,在对沙湖2009—2014年水质状况及旅游活动调查分析的基础上,识别影响沙湖水质的主要旅游活动因子,选取高锰酸盐指数、化学耗氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷、氟化物、石油类、粪大肠菌群等8个指标作为水质综合污染指数的评价因子,采用单因子法、水质综合污染指数、灰色关联法分析研究旅游活动因子对沙湖水质的影响程度和趋势.结果表明,随着旅游人数的增长,沙湖水体电导率逐渐增大,透明度逐渐减小,水质综合污染指数呈现上升态势,污染程度逐年加重,2011,2012年沙湖水质处于基本合格状态,2013,2014年沙湖水质已达到污染状态;影响沙湖水质综合污染指数大小的旅游活动因子依次为餐饮住宿总用水量、船舶接待总人数、餐饮住宿接待总人数、旅游总人数、汽柴油船接待总人数,旅游活动对沙湖水体环境质量变化影响明显.

Based on the investigation of the water environment factors and tourist activities of Sand Lake from 2009 to 2014,the main tourist activities influencing on Sand Lake water quality were identified. 8 parameters, such as the permanganate index, chemical oxygen consumption, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, fluoride, petroleum and fecal coliform,were selected as evaluation factors for water quality comprehensive pollution index of Sand Lake. Methods of the single-factor method, the water quality comprehensive pollution index and the method of grey correlation analysis were used to analyze the effect of tourism activity factor on Sand Lake water quality. The result showed that the transparency gradually reduced, the water conductivity and water quality comprehensive pollution index gradually increased, the pollution level increased year by year by the tourist numbers increasing. The Sand Lake water quality was in the basic qualified state in 2011 and 2012, and the water quality has reached the pollution state in 2013 and 2014. The tourist activities factors, which has affected on water quality of Sand Lake, list as follows by the importance: the total water consumption of repast and accommodation, the total number of ship receptions, the total number of repast and accommodation, the total number of tourists, the total number of petrol and diesel ships reception. The tourism activities influenced the Sand Lake water quality obviously.