陕西省渭北苹果主产区的农业可持续发展评价——以洛川、旬邑与白水县为例

Evaluation of agricultural sustainable development in main apple production areas in Weibei,Shaanxi Province: Taking Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui county as examples

为准确把握陕西省渭北苹果主产区农业可持续发展状况,通过基于欧氏距离的农业可持续发展评价理论对陕西渭北苹果主产区进行农业可持续发展评价,选取洛川、旬邑和白水县2007—2016 10年间的19项指标展开分析,诊断限制当地农业可持续发展的障碍性因子,主要结论如下:1)陕西省渭北苹果主产区总体处于中可持续发展状态,可持续发展能力洛川县>旬邑县>白水县。2)限制陕西省渭北苹果主产区可持续发展的主要因素有施肥量不适宜、土壤肥力低、人均粮食产量低、人均土地面积少、自然灾害频发和劳动力文化水平低,针对这些问题,应当采取提高秸秆、畜禽粪便还田率提高土肥力;适量施用化肥;保护耕地资源提高土地利用效率;提高当地人民文化素质等措施,推动当地农业走上高可持续发展道路。3)基于欧氏距离的农业可持续发展评价方法能够基本反映农业发展现状,洛川、旬邑和白水3县农业可持续发展指数(ASDI)分别是[0.65,0.77]、[0.63,0.67]和[0.58,0.63],除白水2015和2016年处于低持续状态外其余呈现中持续发展状态。

Based on the Euclidean distance-based sustainable agricultural assessment method,this study evaluates the sustainable development of agriculture in main apple producing area in Weibei,Shaanxi.A total of 19 indicators from the Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties during the 2007-2016 decade were selected and analyzed,.Obstacles that limit the sustainable development of agriculture were diagnosed.The results showed that:1)The SADE of major apple production areas to the north of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province was a mid sustainable development area from 2007 to 2016 in general,and their sustainable development capacities in descending order was Luochuan>Xunyi>Baishui.2)The main factors affected the sustainable development of Shaanxi were unsuitable fertilizer dosage,low soil fertility,low per capita food production,land area reduction,rural disaster and poor cultural level of rural labor force.To deal with these problems,it is necessary to increase the rate of straw,livestock and poultry manure returning to improve soil fertility;apply proper amount of chemical fertilizer;protect cultivated land resources to improve land use efficiency and improve local people’s cultural quality.3)The Euclidean distance-based assessment method for sustainable agricultural development could reflect the local sustainable development situation.The agricultural sustainable development index(ASDI)of Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties were[0.65,0.77],[0.63,0.67]and[0.58,0.63],respectively.Except for the low sustainability of Baishui in 2015 and 2016,the rest was in a state of continuous development.The result obtained for this study was intuitive,reliable and easy to understand.This method is feasible for sustainable agricultural development evaluation.