新疆春油菜冬播对产量和品质的影响

Effect of sowing before winter on the yield and quality of spring rapeseed in Xinjiang

为克服春油菜区早春播种出苗困难并解决生育后期干热风对产量的不利影响,在新疆农业科学院安宁渠试验场以春油菜品种‘新油17号’为材料,采用春油菜冬前播方法,分析了不同冬播期对春油菜越冬成苗与出苗率、生育期、农艺性状、光合性能、产量和品质等的影响。结果表明,冬前播种年后出苗的各处理(10月25日—11月14日)越冬成苗率在73.5%~91.5%,10月15日之前播种,越冬成苗率最低,在10月底—11月初播种(临冬封冻前播种)寄籽入土,冬前不出苗,则能安全越冬,越冬成苗率可达90%。在10月30日播种,参试品种的主要光合特性指标、主要农艺性状、产量和品质均优于翌年4月8日播种,且产量增加幅度达40%以上。由此可见,适时冬播是提高新疆春油菜产量和品质的有效途径。

In order to solve the difficulty of seedling emergence in early spring and improve the adverse effect of dry and hot air on yield at the late growth period of spring rapeseed,an experiment of sowing spring rape in winter was carried out.Spring rape variety‘Xinyou 17’was used to study the characteristics of seedling rate,growth period,agronomic characters,photosynthetic performance,yield and quality of spring rape at different sowing dates of Anningqu Xinjiang.The results showed that the overwintering seedling rate was 73.5%-91.5%in the pre-winter sowing and post-winter emergence treatments(Oct.25 to Nov.14).The lowest seedling rate occurred when the sowing was done before Oct 15.Sowing from late October to early November(sowing before freezing season in winter),with seed into the soil and no seedling before winter,the spring rape could safely overwinter and the overwinter seedling rate reached 90%.The sowing period from late October to early November was the best sowing date.The main photosynthetic characteristics,main agronomic characters,yield and quality of the tested variety sown on October 30 were superior to those sown on April 8 next year,and its yield increased by more than 40%.In conclusion,spring rape sowing in winter was effective way to improve yield and quality.