蝴蝶兰与火焰兰远缘杂交育种初探

Preliminary study on the intergeneric hybridization breeding between Phalaenopsis and Renanthera

选择蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis)与火焰兰(Renanthera)进行正反远缘杂交,共计杂交组合48个,获得441株杂交后代。结果表明:1)在48个杂交组合中,有30个组合座果,仅有6个组合的种子在诱导培养基M1、M2和M3上萌发,其中M2的诱导时间最短,而多数组合能座果但蒴果内棉絮状、无种子,可能是胚发育不全或败育所致;2)火焰兰与二倍体、非整倍体蝴蝶兰杂交共有20个组合座果,但蒴果内均没有种子;与四倍体蝴蝶兰属间正反杂交有10个组合座果,其中6个经无菌播种后均获得杂种后代。因此,选择大花型四倍体蝴蝶兰与火焰兰属间杂交较易成功;3)采用组织培养无菌播种的方法进行胚抢救是提高远缘杂交成功率的有效手段,蝴蝶兰与火焰兰属间杂交成功的6个组合经无菌播种后均获得杂种后代;4)杂种F1代遗传了双亲的特性,植株及开花性状总体上趋向蝴蝶兰,但叶端明显比蝴蝶兰下弯,叶片革质和较硬。

Phalaenopsis and Renanthera were selected for intergeneric hybridization breeding in this study.A total of 441 progenies were obtained from 48 cross combinations.The results showed that:1)There were 30 hybrid combinations with fruit-settings,only 6 of which germinated from M1,M2 and M3 culture medium and M2 induction time was the shortest.Most of cross combinations had fruit-settings but there were cotton flocculates in the capsule and no seeds,which might be due to incomplete embryo development or abortion.2)There were 20 combinations with fruit-settings between Renanthera and diploid or aneuploid Phalaenopsis,but there were no seeds in the capsule.There were 10 combinations with fruit-settings between Renanthera and tetraploid Phalaenopsis,and 6 of which obtained hybrid offsprings by sterile sowing.Therefore,it was easier to succeed using the large flower tetraploid Phalaenopsis and Renanthera to cross.3)Embryonic rescue by sterile sowing of tissue culture was an effective method to improve the success rate of intergeneric hybridization.In this experiment,6 cross combinations between Phalaenopsis and Renanthera obtained hybrid offsprings by sterile sowing.4)The hybrid F1 generation inherited the characteristics of both parents,but the plants and flowering traits generally tended to be Phalaenopsis’,and the end of leaf was obviously bent lower than that of Phalaenopsis,and the leaves were leathery and harder.