春玉米机械化中耕作业的适应性及对产量的影响

Adaptability and Effect on Yield of Mechanized Cultivation Operation for Spring Corn

采用大田试验与场地试验相结合的方式,开展春玉米机械化中耕追肥与传统人工中耕追肥对比试验,检测两种中耕方式的作业质量、作业效率、玉米长势及产量等指标,综合评价春玉米机械化中耕追肥作业的适应性及其对玉米产量的影响。结果表明,延农3ZF-4型中耕追肥机作业质量均可达到机具设计值、相关行业标准及当地农艺生产要求,作业效率远高于人工作业,适宜在京郊地区春玉米种植行距为600 mm的种植模式下应用。与传统人工追肥相比,机械中耕追肥可提高玉米三叶叶面积、株高等长势指标,改善玉米穗部性状,提高玉米籽粒千粒质量和穗粒数,从而提高玉米产量。

Contrast test between mechanization intertill topdressing and traditional artificial cultivation fertilizer for spring corn was carried out according combination of field experiment and site experiment. Some indexes such as operation quality,operating efficiency,growth and yield of corn and so on were checked. Adaptability and effect on yield of mechanized intertill topdressing for spring corn were synthetically evaluated. Results showed that operation quality of Yannong 3ZF-4 type intertill topdressing machine could reach design value of machinery and equipment,relevant industry standards and local agricultural production requirements. Its operating efficiency was much higher than manual work. And it was suitable for spring corn that 600 mm row spacing planting pattern in the suburb of Beijing. Compared with traditional artificial fertilization,mechanical intertill topdressing could improve growth performance included area of three-leaf and plant height of corn etc. It could improve ear characters of corn and increase 1 000 grain weight and kernel number per ear of corn kernel so as to improve the yield of corn.