西北地区玉米膜下滴灌技术参数优化——灌水频率及滴灌带间距

Suitable Technological Parameters of Mulched Drip Irrigation of Corn in Northwest China: Irrigation Frequency and Drip Line Spacing

为探究西北半干旱地区适宜的膜下滴灌技术参数,以春玉米为试验对象,以甘肃省武威市民勤县为典型试验区,于2017年3—9月开展大田试验,分析了膜下滴灌灌水频率(P1∶5 d、P2∶7 d、P3∶9 d)及滴灌带间距(J1∶0. 9m、J2∶1. 1 m、J3∶1. 3 m)交互组合下对土壤水氮分布规律、春玉米生理特性指标、产量及水分利用效率等的影响。试验结果表明:当滴灌带间距相同时,灌水频率越高,湿润带宽度越小、各层土壤水氮含量波动幅度越小,同一土层深度处中低频处理平均土壤含水率较高;当灌水频率相同时,滴灌带间距较大的处理向土壤深层运移的水分较多。灌水频率相同时,滴灌带间距较小的处理产量及水分利用效率较高;滴灌带间距相同时,中高频处理产量及水分利用效率较高;P1J1处理产量最高,为16 485. 25 kg/hm^2,其次是P2J2处理,产量为16 292. 21 kg/hm^2,但P2J2处理水分利用效率最高,达到3. 66 kg/m^3。

In order to explore suitable technical parameters of mulched drip irrigation in semi-arid region of northwest China,spring corn was taken as test object,Minqin county in Weiwu city was taken as typical test area,field tests from March to September in 2017 were conducted,and interaction combination effect of irrigation frequency(P1∶5 d,P2∶7 d,P3∶9 d)and drip line spacing(J1∶0.9 m,J2∶1.1 m,J3∶1.3 m)on soil water and nitrogen distribution,spring corn physiological characteristics,yield and water use efficiency were analyzed.Results showed that,when drip line spacing was the same,width of wet zone was smaller,fluctuation range of soil water and nitrogen content in each soil layer were smaller when irrigation frequency was higher,and average soil moisture content of low and medium frequency treatments at the same soil depth were higher.When irrigation frequency was the same,treatment with larger drip line spacing had more moisture to deep soil.When irrigation frequency was the same,yield and water use efficiency under smaller drip line spacing treatments were higher.When drip line spacing was the same,yield and water use efficiency under high and medium frequency were higher.Yield of P1J1 treatment was the highest,which was 16 485.25 kg/hm^2,followed by P2J2 treatment yielded 16 292.21 kg/hm^2,which had the highest water use efficiency,reached 3.66 kg/m^3.