不同压块模式对双孢菇生产的影响

Effects of different briquetting modes on production of Agaricus bisporus

中国双孢菇栽培工艺较为传统,产量不高,为了促进以牛粪和麦秸为主要原料的食用菌基质化利用效率,开展了双孢菇栽培基质压块工艺的试验研究。本试验采用传统工艺(方案1)和2种基质压块工艺(方案2:紧实度400 kg/m3,方案3:紧实度500 kg/m3)的双孢菇栽培效果进行对比。结果表明,方案1出菇时间为36 d,方案2和方案3出菇时间为38 d,压块工艺使出菇时间延长2 d但并不会影响双孢菇的正常生产;方案1、2、3的双孢菇单产分别为0.198、0.205和0.279 kg/kg,方案3提升最为显著,单产提高了40.9%;方案1、2、3的双孢菇栽培实际面积分别为5.4 m2、4.7 m2和3.8 m2,随着压块工艺紧实度的增加节约栽培占地面积越多;方案1、2、3的双孢菇总产量分别为22.5 kg、23.3 kg和31.7 kg。综合以上结果,本研究认为方案3为最优基质压块工艺,有效的提高了双孢菇产量、节约了栽培面积、降低了成本,该研究为基质压块工艺的实际应用奠定了理论基础。

In China, the technology ofAgaricus bisporus cultivation was so traditional that the production orAgaricus bisporus was not high. The technology ofAgaricus bisporus cultivation need to be promoted urgently, especially in Erhai River Basin of China. In early time, the production process ofAgaricus bisporus substrate was very simple. In our research, the briquetting method in substrate was developed to promote the utilization efficiency of edible mushrooms substrate. Three schemes were setup, scheme 1, traditional technology with 350 kg / m3Compaction, scheme 2,400 kg / m3 briquetting method and scheme 3,500 kg / m3briquetting method. The fruiting time, unit yield, conversion rate, cultivated area and total yield of Agaricus bisporus have been studied in this research, aim to provide theoretical basis for the practical application of the briquetting method. It is an important index to evaluate the quality of the substrate to affect the production efficiency of the Agaricus bisporus. The results showed that the fruiting time was 36 d by scheme 1, and it is 38 d by scheme 2 and 3. The distinction of two days would not affect theAgaricus bisporus production. The unit yield of scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 0.198, 0.205 and 0.279 kg / kg, respectively. The most obvious enhancement of unit yield was scheme 3 with the unit yield enhanced by 40.9%. The conversion rate ofAgaricus bisporus by scheme 1 was 30.2 %. The conversion rate of scheme 2 was reduced to 27.9%. Although there was a certain degree of improvement in the yield by scheme 2, the nutrients in the substrate were not fully utilized. The conversion rate ofAgaricus bisporus by scheme 3 was 28.6%, which was higher than that of scheme 2, but also lower than tradition method. If the conversion rate of the level can be further improved, further enhanced production will be achieved. It is demonstrated that the technology of briquetting method still has a certain potential in the improvement of the substrate utilization and production ofAgaricus bisporus. The cultivated area of scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 5.4 m2, 4.7 m2 and 3.8 m2, respectively. The more pyknotic the substrate is, the more cultivated area would be saved. The total yield of scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 22.5, 23.3 and 31.7 kg, respectively. TheAgaricus bisporus production was 5.9, 6.1 and 8.4 kg per 100 kg fresh substrate by scheme 1, 2 and 3, respectively. It is easy to be found that the total yield was increased with the enhancement of compaction. The enhancement of scheme 2 was not obvious, which is only more than 3.6% of the traditional formula. While, compared to the traditional scheme, the production ofAgaricus bisporus increased by 2.5 kg per 100 kg fresh substrate by scheme 3, which was 40.9% enhancement of traditional scheme. In conclusion, scheme 3 was demonstrated to be the optimal method, which can improve the production ofAgaricus bisporus, save more cultivation area and reduce the cost. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the practical application of the briquetting technology of substrate.