基于科学计量的中国农业工程研究热点探析

Ananlysis on research hotspots in agricultural engineering in China based on scientometrics

农业可持续发展是农业工程研究所追求的目标,也是农业工程学科需要重点解决的问题,准确把握与判断学科发展方向对促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。该研究以1957—2014年发表在《农业工程学报》与《农业机械学报》中的学术论文为研究对象,应用科学计量学方法与可视化知识图谱技术,直观呈现了不同阶段中国农业工程研究热点,总结了不同阶段研究热点组成与基本特征,探讨了研究发展总体趋势。研究表明,中国农业工程研究总体上经历了以较单一热点主题向多元化主题发展的过程;在研究领域方面经历了从简单工程技术在农业中的应用向工程技术与计算机、生物、资源、环境与生态等科学的跨学科交叉融合及丰富化过程,在研究手段与技术应用上经历了从简单的实验分析向计算机模拟仿真、智能控制及物联网等高新技术为主的创新与拓展过程。当前中国农业工程研究正向以信息化、自动化和智能化为核心的智能精准农业技术研究方向发展,突破环境与资源约束,发展高效、安全与可持续现代农业成为学科研究与发展的新方向。研究可为相关研究人员追踪学科发展方向提供参考。

The academic articles have been studied to explore the research hotspots and development trends of agricultural engineering in China since 1957 using co-word analysis (a method of scientometrics) and mapping. A total of 20 377 articles were collected from the journals including Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (full text database), and keywords were added non-parametrically from the articles themselves (keywords provided by author). These keywords were standardized using Bibstats (a vocabulary tool developed by China Agricultural University Library). With the objective of delineating dynamic changes of the field of agricultural engineering, the period 1957-2014 was studied and further divided into 5 consecutive periods: 1957-1966, 1979-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-2009 and 2010-2014. The research hotspots and characteristics of agricultural engineering in China were revealed by analyzing the selected keywords with the aid of VOS viewer software and co-word cluster analysis method, and the evolution of the research hotspots has also been discussed. The results showed that the research hotspots in agricultural engineering have generally experienced a transition from simplicity to diversification, and interdisciplinary knowledge has been created, which effectively has drawn on the engineering technology, computer and information science, biology science, and ecology science, aiming to solve the questions in both the agriculture and the environment. The most advanced methods and tools have been provided to design and evaluate engineering technologies, such as computer simulation, intelligent control, and internet of things. The key issues in the agricultural engineering field will be centered on precision agriculture and agricultural bio-environmental control engineering, such as agricultural informatization, intelligent equipment technologies and automation technologies, which target at “high efficiency, ecological, safety and sustainability”.