农民工教育回报的迁移效应及异质性考察——基于处理效应模型的实证研究

Migration effects of returns to education of rural migrant workers and Heterogeneity——An Empirical Study Based on Treatment Effect Model

迁移对农民工教育回报率的提升具有一定的促进作用。本文利用2015年全国流动人口动态监测数据,在理论和实证层面解析并检验了农民工教育回报迁移效应的存在性和异质性,并运用处理效应模型克服了选择偏差。研究发现:第一,农民工的教育回报存在迁移效应。与本地农民工相比,外出农民工虽然整体受教育程度偏低,但却获得了更高的教育回报。第二,农民工教育回报的迁移效应存在门槛值。只有达到一定的教育程度,农民工才能通过迁移获得更高的教育回报。第三,在剥离了城市层面的因素后,农民工教育回报的迁移效应依然存在。在大城市,这一效应表现得更为显著。应引导农民工合理有序的流动、优化劳动力资源的空间配置,以促进农民工教育回报的提升。

Migration has a key role in promoting the return to education of rural migrant workers.Based on the dynamic monitoring data on migrant population in China in 2015,this paper analyzes and examines the existence and heterogeneity of the returns to education of rural migrant workers at the theoretical and empirical levels,and uses the treatment effect model to overcome the selection bias.The study shows that,firstly,the return to education of rural migrant workers has migration effects.Compared with the local peasant workers,rural migrant workers( although the general level of education is low) receive a higher return on education.Secondly,there is a threshold of the migration effects of returns to education for rural migrant workers,only by reaching a certain level of education can rural migrant workers get a higher return on education through migration.Thirdly,after stripping the city level,the migration effect of return to education of rural migrant workers still exists.In large cities,this effect is more remarkable.Therefore,it is necessary to guide the rational and orderly flow of rural migrant workers,optimize the spatial allocation of labor resources,so as to precipitate the promotion of the return to education of rural migrant workers.