精准扶贫背景下金融资本对农户增收的影响研究——基于内部收入分层与区域差异的视角

The Effects of Financial Capital on Rural Households' Income Under the Background of Precise Poverty Alleviation——From the Perspective of Income Stratification and Regional Differences

本文利用CHFS2013数据与分位数回归方法,研究金融资本对农户增收的影响,以考察和判断精准扶贫的作用效果与可持续性。主要结论是:金融资本的增收效果受到农户内部分层与区域因素的共同影响。贫穷农户的自有资本多用于储蓄,若不能进行有效投资实现增值,扶贫拨款缩小贫富差距的作用将收效甚微,贫穷农户面临未来返贫的可能性;贫穷农户与富裕农户信贷资本的回报率基本一致,其中民间借款的增收作用要远小于机构贷款,反映出扶贫贷款更有助于贫穷农户脱贫;从区域分析来看,东部贫困农户获得了更多机构贷款,西部次之,中部最次,农村普惠金融在推进过程中应尤其注重区域间的均衡性与协调性。提高穷人收入、缩小贫富差距的有效手段应是盘活穷人储蓄资本与推进精准扶贫并重。

This paper studies the effects of financial capital on rural households’ income using quantile regression method based on CHFS2013 data. The result shows that the income increasing effect of financial capital is determined by both income stratification and regional differences. Specifically,most of the poor household’s own capital is used as savings rather than effective investment,which limits the effect of poverty funding and increases the possibility of falling into poverty again. It is also found that returns on credit capital of the poor rural households is basically consistent with the rich ones,and institutional loans have greater effect on income increasing compared to private lending,reflecting that the poverty alleviation loans can contribute to the increase of the poor households ’ income and reduction of inner income disparity. Regional analysis indicates that the poor from the east can get most of institutional loans,following the poor from the west and the middle. Thus,equilibrium and coordination between regions should be paid more attention during the process of rural inclusive finance development. For the aim to increase the poor households’ income and narrow regional disparity,we should lay equal stress on activating the poor households’ saving capital and promoting precise poverty alleviation.